@kabir2023answers [p. 5]

> The participants were recruited by word of mouth. Participants self-reported their expertise by answering multiple-choice questions with 5 options— Novice, Beginner, Competent, Proficient, and Expert. Regarding their programming expertise, 8 participants were proficient, 3 were competent, and 1 was beginner. **We also asked participants about their ChatGPT expertise—3 participants were proficient, 6 participants were competent, 1 participant was a beginner, and 2 were novices.** Additionally, we asked participants about their familiarity with SO and ChatGPT by asking how often they use them. They self-reported this by answering multiple-choice questions with 5 options— Never, Seldom, Some of the Time, Very Often, and All the Time. For SO, 4 participants answered _all the time_, 5 answered _very often_, 2 answered _some of the time_, and 1 answered _seldom_. For ChatGPT, 3 answered _very often_, 3 answered _some of the time_, 2 answered _seldom_, and 4 answered _never_. [emphasis added; italics in original]